Inflorescence is axillary, erect, 3–12 cm tall. Pseudobulbs are small, 7 mm in diameter, conical, and terminating in a short pseudo-stem which is ensheathed by three or four thin, elliptic leaves with undulating margins. Medicinal names: Mayaqi (horse teeth seven)-the name is shared with Calanthe davidii Jiuxilian (nine son lotus), Daxiancao (large divine herb)ĭescription: Plant is 30–50 cm tall. Cyrtosia is a homomycotrophic genus and should be an interesting subject for phytochemical studies. An interesting compound that suppresses angiogenesis has been discovered in Cremastra appendiculata and it may find a role in preventing blindness and spread of cancers. Lectins present in some species suppress replication of coronaviruses, toroviruses and viruses. Another large group, Cymbidium, with 17 medicinal species, is also much studied. Fourteen species of Coelogyne are medicinal and several have been studied phytochemically by Majumder’s group in Calcutta. Calanthe species contain compounds with antitumour and hair-restoring properties. TCM makes use of 14 species of Calanthe and Rumphius who authored Hut Amboinesche Kruidboek described Calanthe triplicata. A good percentage of the orchids are commonly cultivated as ornamental plants and many hybrids have been produced with Calanthe and Cymbidium. This large chapter describe the herbal usage and pharmacology of 73 species in 12 genera ( Calanthe, Callostylis, Cephalanthera, Cleisostoma, Coelogyne, Conchidium, Corymborkhis, Cremastra, Crepidium, Cymbidium, Cypripedium and Cyrtosia).
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